Cardiology


Electrocardiogram

This is a test that records the heart’s electric activity generated in every heartbeat. This electric activity is recorded from the patient’s body surface and is drawn on a paper through a graphic representation or layout, where you can regard different waves which represent the electric stimuli of the atria and ventricles.

It is used to measure:

  • Any damage to the heart
  • How fast the heart is beating and if it does so normally
  • The effects of pharmaceuticals or devices used to control the heart (like pacemakers)
  • The size and position of the chambers of the heart

Echocardiography

This is an examination which uses sound waves to create images of the heart. That image is much more detailed than a simple radiography. This enables the doctors to observe the heart beating. It also shows the heart valves and other structures of the heart. In an echocardiography there is no exposure to radiation.

It can help to detect:

  • Abnormal heart valves
  • Abnormal heart rhythms
  • Congenital heart disease
  • Damage of the myocardium as a result of a heart attack
  • Heart murmurs
  • Inflammation (pericarditis) or liquid in the sac around the heart (pericardial effusion)
  • Infection in or around the heart valves (infectious endocarditis)
  • Pulmonary hypertension
  • The function of the bombing of the heart for persons with cardiac insufficiency
  • The source of a blood clot or embolus after a stroke or transient ischemic attack

Vascular ultrasound

This is an examination used to see how the blood flows through arteries and veins. It combines traditional ultrasound with Doppler ultrasound. The traditional ultrasound uses sound waves which bounce off the blood vessels to create images. The Doppler ultrasound records the sound waves that are reflected by moving objects, such as blood, to measure their speed and other aspects of how they flow.

It can help to diagnose the following conditions:

  • Abdominal aneurysm
  • Arterial occlusion
  • Blood clot
  • Occlusive carotid artery disease (see carotid duplex)
  • Renal vascular disease
  • Varicose veins
  • Venous insufficiency

Toxicity analysis for heavy metals

Heavy metals are substances without any known biological function, which presence in determined quantities in living beings leads to dysfunctions in their organisms. This fact means that, even though the usual exposure is at low doses, the extents that can accumulate with time in the body are high enough to cause damages or a disease.

  1. Blood analysis, stools and/or urine

    With these it is possible to detect exact quantities in micrograms per liter or ppm (parts per million) of toxic metals. However, these tests only reveal those heavy metals which are in circulation through our bloodstream or urine (in this case in the excretion stage).

  2. Capillary test to detect heavy metals

    Hair is an excretory tissue of mineral elements (both essential and non-essential and potentially toxic). This way, the analysis of mineral elements through hair provides us with a sift method to determine the physiologic state in our body of said minerals, may it be in excess, deficiency or poor distribution.